South Dakota’s Cheyenne River is a tributary of the Missouri River that runs through that state and Wyoming. The Cheyenne River is born in northeastern Wyoming in the Thunder Basin National Grassland in northeastern Converse County, before it flows east into South Dakota, passing along the town of Edgemont and skirting the southern end of the Black Hills before passing through Angostura Reservoir. It is nearly 300 miles long.

On the east side of the Black Hills the Cheyenne runs northeast past Oral and the Buffalo Gap National Grassland. It then runs along the northwestern boundary of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and Badlands National Park. After its confluence with Rapid Creek it passes Wasta and is joined by the Belle Fourche River in eastern Meade County. From there it flows east by northeast along the southern boundary of the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation. At the town of Cherry Creek it is joined by Cherry Creek. The Cheyenne then flows into the Missouri in Lake Oahe, about 32 miles north by northwest of the city of Pierre, South Dakota. The lower 35 miles of the river form an arm of Lake Oahe.